Song of Solomon 1:3

Authorized King James Version

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Because of the savour of thy good ointments thy name is as ointment poured forth, therefore do the virgins love thee.

Original Language Analysis

לְרֵ֙יחַ֙ Because of the savour H7381
לְרֵ֙יחַ֙ Because of the savour
Strong's: H7381
Word #: 1 of 10
odor (as if blown)
שֶׁ֖מֶן is as ointment H8081
שֶׁ֖מֶן is as ointment
Strong's: H8081
Word #: 2 of 10
grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness
טוֹבִ֔ים of thy good H2896
טוֹבִ֔ים of thy good
Strong's: H2896
Word #: 3 of 10
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good
שֶׁ֖מֶן is as ointment H8081
שֶׁ֖מֶן is as ointment
Strong's: H8081
Word #: 4 of 10
grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness
תּוּרַ֣ק poured forth H7324
תּוּרַ֣ק poured forth
Strong's: H7324
Word #: 5 of 10
to pour out (literally or figuratively), i.e., empty
שְׁמֶ֑ךָ thy name H8034
שְׁמֶ֑ךָ thy name
Strong's: H8034
Word #: 6 of 10
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 7 of 10
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
כֵּ֖ן H3651
כֵּ֖ן
Strong's: H3651
Word #: 8 of 10
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
עֲלָמ֥וֹת therefore do the virgins H5959
עֲלָמ֥וֹת therefore do the virgins
Strong's: H5959
Word #: 9 of 10
a lass (as veiled or private)
אֲהֵבֽוּךָ׃ love H157
אֲהֵבֽוּךָ׃ love
Strong's: H157
Word #: 10 of 10
to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)

Cross References

Ecclesiastes 7:1A good name is better than precious ointment; and the day of death than the day of one's birth.Song of Solomon 4:10How fair is thy love, my sister, my spouse! how much better is thy love than wine! and the smell of thine ointments than all spices!John 12:3Then took Mary a pound of ointment of spikenard, very costly, and anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped his feet with her hair: and the house was filled with the odour of the ointment.Revelation 14:4These are they which were not defiled with women; for they are virgins. These are they which follow the Lamb whithersoever he goeth. These were redeemed from among men, being the firstfruits unto God and to the Lamb.Psalms 45:14She shall be brought unto the king in raiment of needlework: the virgins her companions that follow her shall be brought unto thee.Psalms 133:2It is like the precious ointment upon the head, that ran down upon the beard, even Aaron's beard: that went down to the skirts of his garments;Philippians 4:18But I have all, and abound: I am full, having received of Epaphroditus the things which were sent from you, an odour of a sweet smell, a sacrifice acceptable, wellpleasing to God.Isaiah 61:3To appoint unto them that mourn in Zion, to give unto them beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness; that they might be called trees of righteousness, the planting of the LORD, that he might be glorified.Matthew 25:1Then shall the kingdom of heaven be likened unto ten virgins, which took their lamps, and went forth to meet the bridegroom.2 Corinthians 11:2For I am jealous over you with godly jealousy: for I have espoused you to one husband, that I may present you as a chaste virgin to Christ.

Analysis & Commentary

The bride continues praising her beloved: 'Because of the savour of thy good ointments thy name is as ointment poured forth, therefore do the virgins love thee.' The 'good ointments' (shemanim tovim, שְׁמָנִים טוֹבִים) refer to fragrant oils and perfumes highly valued in ancient Israel. Ointments represented luxury, celebration, and attractiveness. The beloved's 'name' (shem, שֵׁם) signifies his character, reputation, and essential identity. Saying his 'name is as ointment poured forth' (shemen turaq shemekha, שֶׁמֶן תּוּרַק שְׁמֶךָ) creates a wordplay: shemen (oil) sounds like shem (name). When ointment is poured out, its fragrance spreads widely—similarly, the beloved's reputation and character attract admiration. The result: 'the virgins love thee' (alamot ahevukha, עֲלָמוֹת אֲהֵבוּךָ)—young women universally admire him. This verse teaches that godly character creates attractive 'fragrance' drawing others. Christ's name is supremely fragrant (2 Corinthians 2:14-15), and believers are called to spread His aroma.

Historical Context

Perfumes and ointments were precious commodities in the ancient Near East—made from imported spices, they signified wealth and celebration. Anointing with oil marked special occasions: coronations (1 Samuel 16:13), festive meals (Psalm 23:5), and preparation for burial (Mark 14:3-9). The connection between fragrance and reputation resonates in Mary's anointing of Jesus: 'the house was filled with the odour of the ointment' (John 12:3)—her sacrificial love created fragrant memorial. Early church fathers saw Christ as the one whose 'name is as ointment poured forth'—His character and work attracting people from every nation. Paul wrote that believers are 'a sweet savour of Christ' (2 Corinthians 2:15), spreading His fragrance. The virgins loving the bridegroom prefigures the Church's collective love for Christ.

Questions for Reflection